Feb 14, 2019 | Dynamics of Real Time
5.1 Introduction Real-time digital simulation often involves inputs and outputs in the form of analog (i.e., continuous) signals. Clearly this is true for the “hardware-in-the-loop” simulation shown in Figure 5.1, where the hardware requires continuous...
Feb 14, 2019 | Dynamics of Real Time
4.1 Introduction The estimation of future values of a time-dependent function, based on current and past values of a data sequence representing the function, is known as extrapolation. The estimation of function values between data points is known as interpolation....
Feb 8, 2019 | Dynamics of Real Time
3.1 Introduction Error analysis of numerical integration algorithms is traditionally based on the residual error terms in the Taylor series expansion representing the integral. Although such error measures do establish the dependence of the error on both the...
Feb 8, 2019 | Dynamics of Real Time
2.1 Introduction The method of Z transforms was originally developed for analysis of sampled-data control systems, i.e., dynamic systems utilizing a mixture of continuous and discrete time signals. This is just the case, for example, when a digital computer is used to...
Feb 8, 2019 | Dynamics of Real Time
1.1 Overview of Real-time Digital Simulation Simulation of physical systems using digital computers continues to play an ever increasing role in all aspects of today’s technological society. In general the basis for simulation resides in mathematical models of the...
